RFDesign.wikiRadio-frequency design, explained

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RF Design Wiki cites 101 sources. Each is listed with its publisher, date and the pages that cite it.

Which sources does the wiki cite?

  1. “3GPP TS 38.104: NR; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception”. 3GPP. Release 17 and later. Cited on: ACPR and EVM, 5G NR bands.
  2. “3GPP TS 38.101-1: NR; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 1: Range 1 Standalone”. 3GPP. Release 17 and later. Cited on: Antenna measurement, 5G NR bands, Receiver sensitivity.
  3. “Handbook of Filter Synthesis”. A. I. Zverev, Wiley. 1967. Cited on: Filter approximations, RF filter basics, Textbooks and references.
  4. “The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications”. ARRL. annual editions. Cited on: Amateur radio bands, Baluns, Dipole antenna, Pi and T networks, Textbooks and references, Superheterodyne.
  5. “MT-086: Fundamentals of Phase Locked Loops (PLLs)”. Analog Devices. tutorial. Cited on: PLL basics, Textbooks and references.
  6. “Wireless and RF Design / RF Source Book (collected application notes)”. Analog Devices. various. Cited on: Direct digital synthesis.
  7. “A Precise Four-Quadrant Multiplier with Subnanosecond Response”. B. Gilbert, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 365-373. December 1968. Cited on: RF mixers, Textbooks and references.
  8. “RF Microelectronics, 2nd ed.”. B. Razavi, Prentice Hall. 2012. Cited on: Blocking and selectivity, Direct conversion, Dynamic range and SFDR, P1dB compression, Image frequency, Intermodulation and IP3, I/Q modulators, Low-IF receiver, LNA design, Mixer specifications, Nonlinearity and harmonics, Oscillator basics, PA classes, Receiver architectures, Receiver sensitivity, Learning path, Design workflow, Formula cheat sheet, RF mixers, Textbooks and references, Transistor technologies, Signal generators, Superheterodyne, Thermal noise, Transmitter architectures, VCO design, What is RF design.
  9. “Bluetooth Core Specification”. Bluetooth SIG. version 5.x / 6.0. Cited on: Wi-Fi and Bluetooth RF.
  10. “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 4th ed.”. C. A. Balanis, Wiley. 2016. Cited on: Main page, Arrays and beamforming, Antenna fundamentals, Gain and directivity, Antenna measurement, Polarization, Baluns, Characteristic impedance, Decibels and dBm, Dipole antenna, Friis equation, Monopole antenna, Patch antenna, Learning path, Formula cheat sheet, Textbooks and references.
  11. “RF Circuit Design, 2nd ed.”. C. Bowick, Newnes. 2008. Cited on: Decoupling, L-network matching, Pi and T networks, Q factor, Passive components, Textbooks and references.
  12. “A Mathematical Theory of Communication”. C. E. Shannon, Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 27. 1948. Cited on: Modulation, SNR and Eb/N0.
  13. “Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2nd ed.”. C. R. Paul, Wiley. 2006. Cited on: EMC and EMI basics, Precompliance testing, EMI filters and ferrites, RF shielding, Textbooks and references.
  14. “Fundamentals of Spectrum Analysis”. C. Rauscher, Rohde & Schwarz. 2001 and later editions. Cited on: Textbooks and references, Signal generators, Spectrum analyzer.
  15. “A Simple Model of Feedback Oscillator Noise Spectrum”. D. B. Leeson, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 329-330. February 1966. Cited on: Phase noise, Q factor, Textbooks and references.
  16. “Characterization of Clocks and Oscillators (NIST Technical Note 1337)”. D. B. Sullivan et al., NIST. 1990. Cited on: Crystal oscillators.
  17. “PLL Performance, Simulation, and Design”. D. Banerjee, Texas Instruments. 5th ed., 2017. Cited on: Fractional-N synthesis, PLL basics, PLL loop filter, Textbooks and references.
  18. “A Third Method of Generation and Detection of Single-Sideband Signals”. D. K. Weaver, Proceedings of the IRE, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 1703-1705. December 1956. Cited on: Image frequency.
  19. “Microwave Engineering, 4th ed.”. D. M. Pozar, Wiley. 2012. Cited on: Main page, Gain definitions, Amplifier stability, Baluns, Bode–Fano limit, Cavity and dielectric filters, Characteristic impedance, Circulators and isolators, Coaxial cable, Coplanar waveguide, De-embedding, Decibels and dBm, Couplers and hybrids, Filter approximations, P1dB compression, Impedance matching, Input impedance of a line, Intermodulation and IP3, L-network matching, LC filter design, Link budget, LNA design, Maximum power transfer, Microstrip, Microstrip filters, Z, Y, ABCD parameters, Noise figure, Noise temperature, Oscillator basics, Wilkinson divider, Q factor, Quarter-wave transformer, Receiver sensitivity, Γ, VSWR and return loss, Learning path, RF filter basics, Formula cheat sheet, RF mixers, Passive components, RF power, RF shielding, Simulation overview, Textbooks and references, S-parameters, Skin effect, Smith chart, Stripline, Stub matching, Thermal noise, Transmission line theory, Waveguides, Wavelength and frequency, What is RF design.
  20. “Signal and Power Integrity, Simplified, 3rd ed.”. E. Bogatin, Prentice Hall. 2018. Cited on: Decoupling, Grounding and vias, Oscilloscopes for RF, Textbooks and references, TDR, Wavelength and frequency.
  21. “Accurate Models for Microstrip Computer-Aided Design”. E. Hammerstad and Ø. Jensen, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 407-409. 1980. Cited on: Characteristic impedance, Microstrip, Skin effect.
  22. “An N-Way Hybrid Power Divider”. E. J. Wilkinson, IRE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 116-118. January 1960. Cited on: Wilkinson divider, Textbooks and references.
  23. “Galileo Open Service Signal-In-Space Interface Control Document (OS SIS ICD)”. European Union / EUSPA. Issue 2.x. Cited on: GNSS frequencies.
  24. “Charge-Pump Phase-Lock Loops”. F. M. Gardner, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 1849-1858. November 1980. Cited on: PLL basics, PLL loop filter.
  25. “Microwave Circuit Design Using Linear and Nonlinear Techniques, 2nd ed.”. G. D. Vendelin, A. M. Pavio, U. L. Rohde, Wiley. 2005. Cited on: Harmonic balance, Load-pull, Simulation overview.
  26. “Thru-Reflect-Line: An Improved Technique for Calibrating the Dual Six-Port Automatic Network Analyzer”. G. F. Engen and C. A. Hoer, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 987-993. December 1979. Cited on: De-embedding, Textbooks and references, VNA calibration.
  27. “Microwave Transistor Amplifiers: Analysis and Design, 2nd ed.”. G. Gonzalez, Prentice Hall. 1997. Cited on: Gain definitions, Amplifier stability, Maximum power transfer, Textbooks and references, Transistor biasing, Smith chart.
  28. “Microwave Filters, Impedance-Matching Networks, and Coupling Structures”. G. Matthaei, L. Young, E. M. T. Jones, McGraw-Hill / Artech House. 1964; Artech reprint 1980. Cited on: Cavity and dielectric filters, Diplexers and duplexers, Filter approximations, LC filter design, Quarter-wave transformer, RF filter basics, Textbooks and references.
  29. “Fundamental Limitations of Small Antennas”. H. A. Wheeler, Proceedings of the IRE, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 1479-1484. December 1947. Cited on: Antenna measurement, Small antenna limits.
  30. “Thermal Agitation of Electric Charge in Conductors”. H. Nyquist, Physical Review, vol. 32, pp. 110-113. 1928. Cited on: Thermal noise.
  31. “Noise Figures of Radio Receivers”. H. T. Friis, Proceedings of the IRE, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 419-422. July 1944. Cited on: Noise figure, Noise temperature, Textbooks and references.
  32. “A Note on a Simple Transmission Formula”. H. T. Friis, Proceedings of the IRE, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 254-256. May 1946. Cited on: Friis equation, Formula cheat sheet, Textbooks and references.
  33. “Electromagnetic Compatibility Engineering”. H. W. Ott, Wiley. 2009. Cited on: Coaxial cable, Decoupling, EMC and EMI basics, Immunity and ESD, Precompliance testing, EMI filters and ferrites, Grounding and vias, Mixed-mode S-parameters, Learning path, RF PCB layout, RF shielding, Textbooks and references.
  34. “Touchstone File Format Specification, Version 2.0”. IBIS Open Forum. 2009. Cited on: SPICE for RF, Touchstone files.
  35. “IEC 61000-4-2: Testing and measurement techniques — Electrostatic discharge immunity test”. IEC. edition 2.0, 2008. Cited on: Immunity and ESD.
  36. “IEC 61000-4-3: Testing and measurement techniques — Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test”. IEC. current edition. Cited on: Immunity and ESD.
  37. “CISPR 32: Electromagnetic compatibility of multimedia equipment — Emission requirements”. IEC / CISPR. edition 2.0, 2015 and amendments. Cited on: CISPR standards, EMC and EMI basics.
  38. “CISPR 25: Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines — Radio disturbance characteristics — Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers”. IEC / CISPR. edition 5.0, 2021. Cited on: CISPR standards.
  39. “CISPR 16-1-1: Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods — Measuring apparatus”. IEC / CISPR. current edition. Cited on: CISPR standards, Precompliance testing, Spectrum analyzer.
  40. “IEEE Std 802.11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications”. IEEE. 2020 revision and amendments. Cited on: ACPR and EVM, Modulation, Receiver sensitivity, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth RF.
  41. “IEEE Standard Definitions of Physical Quantities for Fundamental Frequency and Time Metrology: Random Instabilities (IEEE Std 1139)”. IEEE. 2008 revision. Cited on: Phase noise.
  42. “IEEE Standard for Definitions of Terms for Antennas (IEEE Std 145)”. IEEE. 2013 revision. Cited on: Antenna fundamentals, Gain and directivity, Antenna measurement, Polarization.
  43. “IEEE Standard Letter Designations for Radar-Frequency Bands (IEEE Std 521)”. IEEE. 2019 revision. Cited on: Radar band letters, Radar basics.
  44. “IPC-2141A: Design Guide for High-Speed Controlled Impedance Circuit Boards”. IPC. 2004. Cited on: Characteristic impedance, Controlled-impedance stackup, Stripline.
  45. “IPC-TM-650 Test Methods Manual (incl. 2.5.5.5 stripline dielectric constant test)”. IPC. current. Cited on: RF PCB materials.
  46. “Recommendation ITU-R P.525: Calculation of free-space attenuation”. ITU-R. current version. Cited on: Main page, Free-space path loss.
  47. “Recommendation ITU-R V.431: Nomenclature of the frequency and wavelength bands used in telecommunications”. ITU-R. current version. Cited on: Frequency bands, What is RF design.
  48. “Recommendation ITU-R P.372: Radio noise”. ITU-R. current version. Cited on: Noise temperature, Thermal noise.
  49. “Recommendation ITU-R SM.329: Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain”. ITU-R. current version. Cited on: Nonlinearity and harmonics, Spectrum regulation, Transmitter architectures.
  50. “Recommendation ITU-R P.676: Attenuation by atmospheric gases and related effects”. ITU-R. current version. Cited on: Atmospheric and rain loss, Free-space path loss.
  51. “Recommendation ITU-R P.526: Propagation by diffraction”. ITU-R. current version. Cited on: Free-space path loss, Fresnel zones.
  52. “Recommendation ITU-R P.838: Specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction methods”. ITU-R. current version. Cited on: Atmospheric and rain loss, Link budget.
  53. “Radio Regulations”. International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R). 2024 edition. Cited on: Amateur radio bands, Frequency bands, ISM bands, Spectrum regulation, What is RF design.
  54. “Thermal Agitation of Electricity in Conductors”. J. B. Johnson, Physical Review, vol. 32, pp. 97-109. 1928. Cited on: Thermal noise.
  55. “Stability and Power-Gain Invariants of Linear Twoports”. J. M. Rollett, IRE Transactions on Circuit Theory, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 29-32. March 1962. Cited on: Gain definitions, Amplifier stability.
  56. “A Re-Examination of the Fundamental Limits on the Radiation Q of Electrically Small Antennas”. J. S. McLean, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 672-676. May 1996. Cited on: Small antenna limits.
  57. “Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications, 2nd ed.”. J.-S. Hong, Wiley. 2011. Cited on: Cavity and dielectric filters, Microstrip filters, Textbooks and references.
  58. “Power Waves and the Scattering Matrix”. K. Kurokawa, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 194-202. March 1965. Cited on: Textbooks and references, S-parameters.
  59. “Numerical Solution of Initial Boundary Value Problems Involving Maxwell's Equations in Isotropic Media”. K. S. Yee, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 302-307. May 1966. Cited on: EM simulation, EM solver methods.
  60. “Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Power Measurements (Application Note 1449 series)”. Keysight Technologies. application note. Cited on: Γ, VSWR and return loss, RF power, RF power measurement.
  61. “Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Noise Figure Measurements (Application Note 57-1)”. Keysight Technologies. application note. Cited on: LNA design, Mixer specifications, Noise figure, Noise figure measurement, Textbooks and references.
  62. “Spectrum Analysis Basics (Application Note 150)”. Keysight Technologies. application note. Cited on: ACPR and EVM, Dynamic range and SFDR, Intermodulation and IP3, Textbooks and references, Spectrum analyzer, Superheterodyne.
  63. “Understanding the Fundamental Principles of Vector Network Analysis (Application Note 1287-1)”. Keysight Technologies. application note. Cited on: De-embedding, Couplers and hybrids, P1dB compression, Mixed-mode S-parameters, Noise figure measurement, RF connectors, Textbooks and references, Vector network analyzer, VNA calibration.
  64. “S-Parameter Design (Application Note 154)”. Keysight Technologies. application note. Cited on: Textbooks and references, S-parameters.
  65. “Phase Noise Measurement Solutions / Phase noise characterization application notes”. Keysight Technologies. application note. Cited on: Phase noise measurement.
  66. “Time Domain Analysis Using a Network Analyzer (Application Note 1287-12)”. Keysight Technologies. application note. Cited on: TDR.
  67. “Physical Limitations of Omni-Directional Antennas”. L. J. Chu, Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 19, pp. 1163-1175. December 1948. Cited on: Small antenna limits.
  68. “Analog Filter Design”. M. E. Van Valkenburg, Oxford University Press. 1982. Cited on: Filter approximations.
  69. “Empirical Formula for Propagation Loss in Land Mobile Radio Services”. M. Hata, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 317-325. August 1980. Cited on: Path loss models.
  70. “Fundamentals of Vector Network Analysis”. M. Hiebel, Rohde & Schwarz. 2007 and later editions. Cited on: Textbooks and references, Vector network analyzer.
  71. “Introduction to Radar Systems, 3rd ed.”. M. I. Skolnik, McGraw-Hill. 2001. Cited on: Radar basics, Formula cheat sheet, Textbooks and references.
  72. “A New Criterion for Linear 2-Port Stability Using a Single Geometrically Derived Parameter”. M. L. Edwards and J. H. Sinsky, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 40, no. 12. December 1992. Cited on: Amplifier stability.
  73. “Mixer and amplifier application notes (e.g., 'Understanding Mixers — Terms Defined, and Measuring Performance')”. Mini-Circuits. application note. Cited on: Mixer specifications, RF mixers, Superheterodyne.
  74. “Class E: A New Class of High-Efficiency Tuned Single-Ended Switching Power Amplifiers”. N. O. Sokal and A. D. Sokal, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 168-176. June 1975. Cited on: PA classes, Textbooks and references.
  75. “High-Linearity RF Amplifier Design”. P. B. Kenington, Artech House. 2000. Cited on: Linearization and DPD, Textbooks and references.
  76. “Transmission Line Calculator”. P. H. Smith, Electronics, vol. 12. January 1939. Cited on: Textbooks and references, Smith chart.
  77. “Phase-Locked Loops: Design, Simulation, and Applications, 6th ed.”. R. E. Best, McGraw-Hill. 2007. Cited on: Multipliers and dividers, Phase noise, PLL basics, Textbooks and references.
  78. “Foundations for Microwave Engineering, 2nd ed.”. R. E. Collin, McGraw-Hill / IEEE Press. 1992 / 2001. Cited on: Coplanar waveguide, Textbooks and references.
  79. “Field Computation by Moment Methods”. R. F. Harrington, Macmillan (IEEE Press reprint 1993). 1968. Cited on: EM simulation, EM solver methods.
  80. “Theoretical Limitations on the Broadband Matching of Arbitrary Impedances”. R. M. Fano, Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 249. 1950. Cited on: Bode–Fano limit, Impedance matching, Small antenna limits.
  81. “Modulation System (U.S. Patent 1,666,206, single-sideband phasing method)”. R. V. L. Hartley. 1928. Cited on: Image frequency.
  82. “RO4000 Series High Frequency Circuit Materials data sheet (RO4350B)”. Rogers Corporation. data sheet. Cited on: Microstrip, RF PCB materials.
  83. “RT/duroid 5870/5880 High Frequency Laminates data sheet”. Rogers Corporation. data sheet. Cited on: RF PCB materials.
  84. “Phase noise measurement application notes”. Rohde & Schwarz. application note. Cited on: Phase noise, Phase noise measurement, Textbooks and references.
  85. “EMI/EMC test receiver and precompliance application notes”. Rohde & Schwarz. application note. Cited on: Precompliance testing, Textbooks and references.
  86. “RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, 2nd ed.”. S. C. Cripps, Artech House. 2006. Cited on: ACPR and EVM, Doherty amplifier, P1dB compression, Load-pull, Maximum power transfer, PA classes, Efficiency and PAE, Linearization and DPD, Power amplifier basics, Learning path, RF power, Textbooks and references, Transistor biasing, Transistor technologies, Thermal design, Transmitter architectures.
  87. “Delta-Sigma Modulation in Fractional-N Frequency Synthesis”. T. A. D. Riley, M. A. Copeland, T. A. Kwasniewski, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 553-559. May 1993. Cited on: Fractional-N synthesis.
  88. “The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits, 2nd ed.”. T. H. Lee, Cambridge University Press. 2004. Cited on: Gain definitions, Crystal oscillators, Direct conversion, LNA design, Learning path, Textbooks and references, Transistor technologies, VCO design.
  89. “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, 2nd ed.”. T. S. Rappaport, Prentice Hall. 2002. Cited on: Link budget, Modulation, Multipath and fading, Path loss models, Textbooks and references, SNR and Eb/N0.
  90. “PLLatinum Sim / PLL design documentation and application reports”. Texas Instruments. various. Cited on: PLL loop filter.
  91. “High-Speed Layout Guidelines (SCAA082) and RF layout application reports”. Texas Instruments. application report. Cited on: RF PCB layout.
  92. “47 CFR Part 15: Radio Frequency Devices”. U.S. Federal Communications Commission, via eCFR. current. Cited on: Gain and directivity, Atmospheric and rain loss, EMC and EMI basics, FCC Part 15, ISM bands, Transmitter architectures.
  93. “47 CFR Part 97: Amateur Radio Service”. U.S. Federal Communications Commission, via eCFR. current. Cited on: Amateur radio bands, Software-defined radio.
  94. “47 CFR Part 2: Frequency Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters; General Rules and Regulations”. U.S. Federal Communications Commission, via eCFR. current. Cited on: FCC Part 15, Frequency bands, Spectrum regulation.
  95. “47 CFR 1.1310: Radiofrequency radiation exposure limits”. U.S. Federal Communications Commission, via eCFR. current. Cited on: Amateur radio bands, RF exposure limits.
  96. “IS-GPS-200 / IS-GPS-705: Navstar GPS Space Segment / User Segment Interface Specifications”. U.S. Space Force / GPS Directorate. current revisions. Cited on: Polarization, GNSS frequencies.
  97. “Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, 2nd ed.”. W. F. Egan, Wiley. 2000. Cited on: Direct digital synthesis, Multipliers and dividers, Textbooks and references.
  98. “A New High Efficiency Power Amplifier for Modulated Waves”. W. H. Doherty, Proceedings of the IRE, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1163-1182. September 1936. Cited on: Doherty amplifier, Efficiency and PAE, Textbooks and references.
  99. “The Data Conversion Handbook”. W. Kester (ed.), Analog Devices / Newnes. 2005. Cited on: ADCs for RF, Direct digital synthesis, Jitter from phase noise.
  100. “MT-003: Understand SINAD, ENOB, SNR, THD, THD + N, and SFDR so You Don't Get Lost in the Noise Floor”. W. Kester, Analog Devices. tutorial. Cited on: ADCs for RF, Dynamic range and SFDR, Textbooks and references.
  101. “MT-008: Converting Oscillator Phase Noise to Time Jitter”. W. Kester, Analog Devices. tutorial. Cited on: ADCs for RF, Jitter from phase noise, Phase noise measurement, Textbooks and references.

Frequently asked questions

Why are vendor application notes cited?

Application notes from test-equipment and semiconductor makers are widely used, technically reviewed tutorials; they are cited for technique, not product endorsement.

How often are sources rechecked?

Fast-changing documentation is rechecked first; access dates are shown.

Can I suggest a source?

Yes; see the editorial policy.

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